How many valence electrons does aluminum have?
Answer: Aluminum has 3 valence electrons.
Explanation: Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost energy level (shell) of an atom. Aluminum (Al), with an atomic number of 13, has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1. In this configuration, the outermost shell is the third shell (3s2 3p1), which contains 3 electrons. These 3 valence electrons define aluminum’s reactivity and its ability to form chemical bonds.
Significance: Aluminum’s 3 valence electrons contribute to its properties as a reactive metal. It can readily lose these electrons to form Al3- cations or participate in covalent bonding, allowing it to engage in various chemical reactions.